MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_01C6E928.A7C1D6E0" This document is a Single File Web Page, also known as a Web Archive file. If you are seeing this message, your browser or editor doesn't support Web Archive files. Please download a browser that supports Web Archive, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer. ------=_NextPart_01C6E928.A7C1D6E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/D705B862/A_Penny_for_Your_Isotopes_MINILAB.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" A Penny for Your Isotopes MINILAB 2

A P= enny for Your Isotopes MINILAB 2.1

Many elements have several nat= urally occurring isotopes. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that are identic= al in every property except mass. When chemists refer to the atomic mass of one of these elements, they really mean the average of the atomic masses of the isotopes of that element. You can use pennies to represent isotopes. Determ= ine the mass of two penny isotopes and then the average mass of a penny.

Formulating Models = Because they have different compositions, pre- and post-1982 pennies can be used to model an element wi= th two naturally occurring isotopes. From the penny “isotope” data, the mass of each penny isotope and the average mass of a penny can be determined.

 

 

PURPOSE: TO DETERMINE AND COMPARE THE M= ASSES OF PRE-1982 AND POST-1983 PENNIES.

TO DETERMI= NE THE AVERAGE MASS OF A PENNY.<= /span>

 

HYPOTHESIS:<= /p>

 

MATERIALS: PENNIES (13 PRE-1982, 13 POST-1983), BALANCE<= /p>

PROCEDURE:

1. Get a bag of pennies from your teacher.

2. Sort the pennies by date. Grou= p the pre-1982 pennies and the post-1982 pennies.

3. Weigh ten pennies from each gr= oup. Record the mass to the nearest 0.01 g. Divide the total mass by ten to get = the average mass for one penny in that group.

4. Count the number of pennies in= each group.

5. Using the data, determine the = total mass of all of the pre-1982 pennies. In the same way, calculate the total m= ass of the post-1982 pennies.

 

OBSERVATION<= /p>

 

TOTAL # OF PENNIES

MASS OF TEN PENNIES

AVERAGE

TOTAL MASS=

PRE-1982

 

 

 

CALCULATED=

 

 

MEASURED

POST-1983<= /p>

 

 

 

CALCULATED=

 

 

MEASURED

TOTAL OF ALL

 

 

 

CALCULATED=

 

 

MEASURED

 

ANALYSIS:

1. What is the mass of all the pe= nnies?

 

 

2. Calculate the average mass of = a penny. How does this mass compare with the average mass for each group?=

 

 

3. Why were you directed to weigh= ten pennies of a group and divide the mass by ten to get the mass of one penny?= Why not just weigh one penny from each group?

 

------=_NextPart_01C6E928.A7C1D6E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/D705B862/A_Penny_for_Your_Isotopes_MINILAB_files/image001.emz Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/x-emz H4sIAAAAAAACC+2aTUwTQRTHHwE9Gg+elXgCL3KTA8HGRBNFEk0INTZ+HFQMmqiYoC2XQqyxXOwN Cd7sBS80vWhavdYDHmj56KefoUeqJ3rE/U8643TYLbLbRdBp8g+7Ozsz7zfvzXuzCS1EdJd+/04Y Oi7dv9lP9H4fUfvp/jNELdR9jKiVcKX82og1eIyGn2rb9zYKzrbSRePybaf1XPzXbajL0AVDHYYe G/LU+rXTR9HeURuji9nTzto9nZvH29jYqNORw0f3tD4VC0KaTbPtBn37+kXoX2MrFfJCmk2zaTZ3 VcznhDSbZtNs+lxiV4VcVkiz/Z9sHs8pmpp6Qel0mlZXV9kY1WqVisUie75X2SbDk4xDHUNWpVKh 4eE7tm31ei/RWGBMaKv389kVIbtsmIf3WV9fp+npaRoZecg0MTFBiURCtIN/O3yIhVgsxtZFtQ9j oa1ZbLBLXjPMzectl8vU2+th8yEOIcQn4rGnp5cxb4cP88hMmcwiJZNJKpVKdXYmk++awga70ZZK fWBxCPv5+z7fFfbcLB6x/8AzOvpI3GNdrLiwHrxvPB6n8339IibxF/cyI541i00VfCbHppm4v2Zn X4v1sYoN3icYDLI1VGMSa3rt6nVxH41GN43zuVQUcsIGexEbjdg43/17D8Saq/lTjnFwWcUBBFv4 XkbsYw3wPrgxVm5lWcgJG3IGxkQuCT8LU6FQaMg3NHRbMGBMMMn+8fsDDbm47zCv2XM7bIg7s1wf MJ5jTDAh9mFv5HnEkhH7bWBgkObn5zfViZs3btXt40ZsAZN9YJdNrmeIAzM2tMs5LPQkZMqINcJa +S77WH/4CrmG1327bLDLCRsXtwNzYEzE5EmjDqhnEzBY+RC+gp1/yiSzRSKRurXCM17znLIhP+Fd xNa5s321OvuDFhYWaG4uRgHDF9FXUZb7UqnUtmzfSmouUW1zyoa9JdcBxBXqHPIfcoHZeaJZmpl5 yeLEqr45ZVPrLBdyPM4hiFWcvUKhp8zH8pnFCTf6+v1j4trMrmawcf/xbwCrM/Pa2hqLXdTCsJGL OLd30Mv2DRQMjrO9ibGwDqrwHPkG/eQa4iab2dmC22cnTyDv8POjLDUfWZ0loezyktBOfZvy8zbq CPcH/M1jtZHAwv1ntsf+NttOSbNptt2mlaVFIc2m2TSbu1pezAhpNs2m2dyVW98Bu0FLmbSQW9/H Wu7qABEdqv0v5cHa9S8TDrscOCoAAC== ------=_NextPart_01C6E928.A7C1D6E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/D705B862/A_Penny_for_Your_Isotopes_MINILAB_files/image002.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODdhNwAvAHcAACH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACwAAAAANwAvAIchGRn/ ///W3tYICAje5u8ZECkZEFrW5qWU76VrzlrvEN7vEFprjN4pzlqtEN6tEFopjN5rzhnvEJzvEBlr jJwpzhmtEJytEBkpjJxrGYRrGc7vpRApGYQpGc6tpRCUraWUzqVKzlrOEN7OEFpKjN4IzlqMEN6M EFoIjN5KzhnOEJzOEBlKjJwIzhmMEJyMEBkIjJxKGYRKGc7OpRAIGYQIGc6MpRBjSlK1zqWMjJxr WqVrKVJrKRmU7+aUpe9rWs7v5hApWoQpWs6t5hDmnLVKWqVrCFJrCBmUzuaUpc5KWs7O5hAIWoQI Ws6M5hDmnJQIOhkIY1IIYxkIOlLWnOZKShmMc5xrhFqMc1pr797vc97vc1pr71rvMd5rpVrvMVpr rd4p71qtMd6tMVoprd6tc94ppVqtc1op795r7xnvMZzvMRlrrZwp7xmtMZytMRkprZytc5xrpRm1 76Wtcxlr75zvc5zvcxkppRkp75xrGaVrGe/vpTEpGaUpGe+tpTG1taXvtWOttWNKpVpK797Oc97O c1qMc94IpVoI795KpRmMcxlK75zOc5zOcxkIpRkI75zOtWOMtWOMUpyMUlprzt7vUt7vUlpK71rO Md7OMVpKrd4I71qMMd6MMVoIrd6tUt4phFqtUlopzt5K7xnOMZzOMRlKrZwI7xmMMZyMMRkIrZyt UpxrhBmtUhlrzpzvUpzvUhkphBkpzpxKGaVKGe/OpTEIGaUIGe+MpTHvlGOtlGNKhFpKzt7OUt7O UlqMUt4IhFoIzt5KhBmMUhlKzpzOUpzOUhkIhBkIzpzOlGOMlGP35qUpMRlrWntCKUpjY1K1zt5C KRm1pc61lKVCQkprWu/v5nO17+bv5jEpWqXvveYpWu+t5jG1pe+t5nPmvbVCY1LO5nOM5nNKWntC CFJCCBlKWu/v5lLO5jEIWqUIWu+M5jGt5lLmvZTO5lKM5lJrShkpY1IpYxkpOlL3nOZKaxnOvd7v 5s5raxkpCAj/5u8pGQgpGRn//+8hIRkI/wADCBxIsKDBgwgTKlzIsKHDhAMiSpxIsaLFixglCpgm gOCAfx8BfAw58p9IkCZLniSJcmXKliMFyCT4r1+Bfzht4qx5M2dPnjt1+gza86bQfwVk3qOJs4DN ZkifRi0A1SnVqVWlWs2qtR9OmR0HIn32r5nVsmfN6lR7k61Zt2vbGr0J4J6ApQN/NlX71mnffn/f 7rw6F/Dcqv/AMh3s1WtPxzmRRi76j2xcs2gz47SLV+DNz1UDU91aeW/UnTjJMj6tWrHYyE+dZpaN WTJOAKpt2/6ZGwBIpQSLCsZK2PBg1LtR52462LVAojvJYm5mE/JRytdR6i56N6xnpIi3g/8nDBWp yAIDVqI/f76p153OA9Tk+d5nfaTpI1Zu9qyaf//h3HBDNQFW8wxUA7BlU3ymnUVYRAf6dwM50AAC iAD4+GOQhvv4I4CHOVTjW3N20TRXZv18VM0N0FAjAAEFEdAdWBsB8oGNgHDUEQHVAAUAg+CVtlM1 OXhHAD4ygTPNBzksk0OLOUR54T2A3AMOk1gsJYBRSOFT4mvISRaWABZGmQM1IIAD44YJXSEQZP/Y 5V0An+3WDwUB7PNkDhZi+OJDBFEDYw4R+QakZU5FBE4AgEBDAA525XBPNXM+JEAOAjlzxQ1JzZQX cgNUA41AjgYwgEAEXLmmQIBICYhCAmD/QZAAP97FVE/PFDkQBdsIkBiVH+xDkJlkRpkQAc7M2umc er1K0BUEIGuhQU2yCiM1OeBzkADJDrQlkDgNME1BVnz4Z0GtBiDADQPkymgOq3r7QQAyCvTjl99F 5ay3mB6Ug5sBPPMRP/zM2+q+At0AIyDPsFgAPr0SFNer9QbgTzXCFkRNNTA68xFqHeGwZ5TQ9LvM RDLOydiNNzTTLSCUCksAIDfw0hE1yBVQQDXOtuqkswTk9kx3JkbXzADo9ZyDplIujNpPCToTr0Dr Ih0ukDpZ7VUz46oL1prUoJdcZSrewKeFzlTz8U4E4CufXI2BBk1YGa87Hn22pYg0VAJ//6zTsouR xxxVDYfjX4o5l4caYEgVwM/T7zHIG3PvoRcRP1Yfp6CDYR71T6/MVk5UVscN7lh5V4VZp2o3Meg5 VZ6HidN0W1XHec4pEhAxmLKBNpXtwBcX2nhZ6QVeyrdCRp1cs8uG1vKzgRd3dJJx5+l3hiFWnVu/ B+mXkKOFR/1Xuz+H4miZvRXb+bUdV93T2gH+qV+y5dZ7eYblz5xk2Z/FE2Iyihf8Fse88VAGM0LB zE+gh0D5mY9+Txue8/iyFcKkxj2gcd4/kPcpsqDvRLZzC2gaAxTkqK+EDpQP7rwHlezNxzgfDE8F g/QMADxsGwLsSbue977RnE5nmimNTirishPMhISD+dKg73wIl/qpzjjAw9uLVKa6+VywL83LGXNo 97zwIQUsAQEAOw== ------=_NextPart_01C6E928.A7C1D6E0 Content-Location: file:///C:/D705B862/A_Penny_for_Your_Isotopes_MINILAB_files/filelist.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" ------=_NextPart_01C6E928.A7C1D6E0--