1.
ACCELERATION: A MEASURE OF THE
RATE OF CHANGE IN THE SPEED OF AN OBJECT OVER TIME.
2.
ADATION: A BENIFICIAL TRAIT
THAT ENABLES SPECIES TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE.
3.
AMPLITUDE: THE “HEIGHT” OF A
WAVE—THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE MIDPOINT AND THE TOP OF THE CREST OR BOTTOM OF A
TROUGH.
4.
ATOM: THE BASIC BUILDING
BLOCK OF MATTER THAT HAS ALL THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER.
5.
BACTERIA: SINGLE-CELLED
ORGANISMS THAT LACK A NUCLEUS.
6.
BIODIVERSITY: A MEASURE OF THE
VARIETY OF LIVING THINGS IN AN ECOSYSTEM.
7.
BIOMASS: AN ESTIMATE OF THE
BIOLOGICAL MASS OF ALL LIVING THINGS IN A GIVEN AREA.
8.
BUOYANCY: A FORCE THAT
RESULTS WHEN OBJECTS DISPLACE A LIQUID OR A GAS.
9.
CARBON CYCLE: A SUMMARY OF HOW
CARBON MOVES THROUGH AN ECOSYSTEM
10.
CELL: THE BASIC BUILDING
BLOCK OF ALL KUVING THINGS THAT CAN PERFORM BASIC LIFE FUNCTIONS.
11.
CHEMICAL CHANGE: ANY CHANGE THAT
ALTERS THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ATOMS OR MOLECULES IN AN OBJECT.
12.
CHEMICAL EQUATION: A SERIES OF
CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND SYMBOLS THAT SHOW THE REACTANTS ANS PRODUCTS IN A
REACTION.
13.
CHEMICAL FORMULA: SYMBOLS AND
SUBSCRIPTS THAT IDENTIFY THE TYPE AND NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A SUBSTANCE.
14.
CHLOROPLAST: AN ORGANELLE IN A
PLANT CELL THAT CARRIES OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
15.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: A HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
THAT TRANSPORTS NUTRIENTS AND WASTES THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
16.
COEFFICIENT: WHOLE NUMBER
MULTIPLIER THAT APPEARS BEGORE A CHEMICAL EQUATION THAT IS USED TO BALANCE THE
EQUATION.
17.
COMMENSALISM: A SYMBOLIC
RELATIONSHIP WHERE ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS WITHOUT HARMING THE OTHER.
18.
CONCLUSION: AN INTERPRETATION
BASED ON RESEARCH, EXPERIENCE AND DATA.
19.
CONDUCTION: A METHOD OF
TRANSFERRING HEAT THAT INVOLVES DIRECT CONTACT.
20.
CONFIDENCE; THE LEVEL OF
CERTAINTY ONE FEELS THAT DATA, INFERENCES, AND THEORIES REFLECT AN ACCURATE
PICTURE OF THE REAL WORLD.
21.
CONTROL GROUP: PART OF AN
EXPERIMENT THAT IS NOT SUBJECTED TO THE VARIABLE SO THAT IT CAN BE COMPARED TO
THE EXPERIMANTAL GROUP.
22.
CONVECTION: A METHOD OF
TRANSFERRING HEAT WHERE THE MOVEMENT OF A LIQUID OR GAS CARRIES TE HEAT.
23.
COVALET BOND: A BOND THAT
INVOLVES SHARING ELECTRONS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE ATOMS.
24.
DENSITY: A PROPERTY OF
MATTER EQUAL TO THE MASS DIVIDED BY THE VOLUME.
25.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: THE VARIABLE THAT
MEASURES THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE.
26.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: A SYSTEM THAT
BREAKS DOWN FOOD AND RELEASES THE STORED ENERGY.
27.
DISSOCIATE: WHEN AN IONIC
COMPOUND SEPERATES INTO IONS IN A SOLUTION.
28.
DNA: A NUCLEIC ACID
FOUND IN CELLS THAT CARRIES THE BLUEPRINTS OF THE CELL’S ACTIVITIES AND STORES
AND TRANSMITS GENETIC INFORMATION.
29.
ECOSYSTEM: ALL OF THE LIVING
AND NONLIVING PARTS INTERACTING IN A GIVEN AREA.
30.
ELECTROLYTE: A SOLUTION
CONTAINING IONS THAT CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY.
31.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY: A MEASURE OF HOW
STRONGLY AN ATOM WILL ATTRACT AN ELECTRON.
32.
ELEMENT: A SUBSTANCE MADE OF
ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM.
33.
ELDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: AN ORGANELLE THAT
TRANSPORTS MATERIALS THROUGH THE CELL.
34.
ENERGY: THE ABILITY TO DO
WORK.
35.
EVOLUTION: A PROCESS BY WHICH
POPULATIONS OF LIVING THINGS CHANGE OVER TIME.
36.
EXPERIMENT: AN ARTIFICIAL
SITUATION WHERE A SCIENTIST CONTROLS THE VARIABLES.
37.
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: THE PART OF AN
EXPERIMENT SUBJECTED TO CHANGE IN THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE.
38.
EXTINCTION: WHEN ALL MEMBERS OF
A SPECIES DIE OUT.
39.
FLUID: A SUBSTANCE THAT
FLOWS, TAKING THE SHAPE OF THE CONTAINER THAT HOKLDS IT, INCLUDING GASES AND
LIQUIDS.
40.
FOOD CHAIN: THE FEEDING ORDER
AMONG POPULATIONS THAT PREY ON ONE ANOTHER.
41.
FOODO WEB: TWO OR MORE
INTERCONNECTED FOOD CHAINS.
42.
FREQUENCY: THE NUMBER OF WAVES
THAT PASS A GIVEN POINT IN A GIVEN AMOUNT OF TIME.
43.
GLUCOSE: A MOLECULE CREATED
DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS THAT STORES LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY.
44.
GLYCOLOSIS: A PRCOESS THAT
BREAKS DOWN GLUCOSE INTO PYRUVIC ACID.
45.
GROUP: ONE OF 18 VERTICAL
COLUMNS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE.
46.
HEAT: THE TRANSFER OF
ENERGY AS A RESULT OF A TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE.
47.
HOMEOSTASIS: THE STATE IN WHICH
A NATURAL SYSTEM IS BALANCED AND TENDS TO MAINTAIN THAT BALANCE; THE ABILITY OF
A LIVING THING TO MAINTAIN THE CONSTANT INTERNAL ENVIRONMEANT NEEDED TO FUNCTION
AND SURVIVE.
48.
Hypothesis: A possible, testable
explanation to a scientific question.
49.
Immune System: A human body system
that fights diseases and invaders.
50.
Inclined plane: A simple machine
like a ramp.
51.
Independent variable:
The
variable changed by the experiment.
52.
Inference: A deduction or
assumption based on observation.
53.
Investigation: The process by which
two or more waves interact.
54.
Ion: A charged atom that
has gained or lost electrons.
55.
Ionic bond: A bond formed by the
electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
56.
Ionization: The process that
occurs when a molecular compound separated into ions in a solution.
57.
Ionization energy: The amount of energy
needed to remove an electron from an atom.
58.
Kinetic energy: Energy of motion.
59.
Kingdom: The largest group in
the classification system.
60.
Law of Conservation
of Mass: A
physical law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed, but only
changed from one substance to another.
61.
Lever: A simple machine with
a fulcrum.
62.
Lysosome: An organelle that
breaks down large molecules in a cell.
63.
Mechanical advantage:
A
measure of the efficiency of a machine.
64.
Mitochondria: an organelle that
makes energy in a cell.
65.
Momentum: The product of the mass and speed of an
object.
66.
Motor: A complex machine
that supplies motion.
67.
Muscular system: A system that enables
movement by contracting muscles.
68.
Mutation: A change in DNA.
69.
Mutualism: A symbiotic relationship where both organisms
benefit.
70.
Natural selection: The theory that
organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass
their adaptations to their offspring.
71.
Nervous system: A system that
notices, transmits, processes, and responds to stimuli from the environment.
72.
Newton’s First Law: Objects in motion and
objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
73.
Newton’s Second Law: Force equals mass
times acceleration.
74.
Newton’s Third Law: For every force,
there is an equal and opposite force.
75.
Nitrogen Cycle: A summary pf how
nitrogen moves thru an ecosystem.
76.
Nucleic acid: Large, complex
molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
77.
Nucleotide: A phosphate, sugar,
and single base joined together.
78.
Nucleus: An organelle in some
cells that acts as the control center and contains the DNA.
79.
Nutrient: An atom or molecule
that organisms use to carry out life processes.
80.
Organ: A collection of
tissues.
81.
Organelle: Specialized
structure in a cell.
82.
Oxidation number: A number related to
an element’s group on the Periodic Table that determines how it bonds with
other atoms.
83.
Parasitism: A symbiotic
relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another.
84.
Period: One of seven
horizontal rows on the Periodic Table.
85.
Periodic Table: A table that
organizes the elements by increasing atomic number.
86.
Permeability: The ability to allow
some materials to pass through.
87.
Phase change: A change from any
one of the three states of matter—solid, liquid, or gas—to another.
88.
Phloem: The internal
transport system in plants that carries nutrients “down” from the leaves.
89.
Phylogeny: A description of the
evolutionary history of a related group of species.
90.
Physical change: A change in a
material that alters the shape, size, or other property without changing the
chemical makeup of the material.
91.
Plant: A multi-cellular
organism, with cells that have a nucleus, chloroplasts, cell wall, and cell
membrane.
92.
Polarization: Describes waves that
vibrate in only one direction.
93.
Potential energy: Energy of position
that is available for use.
94.
Precision: Describes how close
the data in set of measurements are to one another.
95.
Predation: A feeding
relationship where one animal species feeds on another animal.
96.
Protein synthesis: A process that takes
place in a cell that uses DNA instructions to build proteins.
97.
Pulley: A simple machine
with a grooved wheel and chain.
98.
Pyruvic acid: A by-product of the
breakdown of glucose.
99.
Radiation: A method of
transferring thermal energy that does not require a medium or physical contact.
100.
Reactivity: A measure of how
likely an element is to form bonds with other elements.
101.
Reflection: When waves bounce
off a surface.
102.
Refraction: When waves bend upon
entering a new medium.
103.
Replication: A process by which
DNA copies itself.
104.
Reproductive system: A system that
manages the creation of offspring.
105.
Resonance: A process that
occurs when a wave vibrates at a “natural” frequency and allows the most
efficient transfer of energy.
106.
Respiratory system: A system that
delivers oxygen to the circulatory system and helps remove carbon dioxide.
107.
Ribosome: An organelle that
performs protein synthesis in a cell.
108.
RNA: A structure similar to DNA that codes
information and is involved in cell operations.
109.
Specific Ethics: Guidelines that
attempt to minimize the risk to experimental subject and the environment
110.
Scientific Method: A series of steps
that guide the search for answers to a scientific question.
111.
Simple Machine: Devices including
levers, pulleys, inclined planes, and wheel-and-axle systems that change the
size and/or direction of force.
112.
Skeletal System: A system that
provides structure and shape.
113.
Solubility: Describes the maximum
amount of a solute that will form a saturated solution at a given temperature
and pressure.
114.
Speciation: The evolution of a
new species.
115.
Species: A population of
organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
116.
Specific Heat: The amount of energy
needed to raise one gram of material by one degree Celsius.
117.
Speed: A measure of the
change in position of an object over time.
118.
Symbiosis: An interdependent
relationship between two organisms.
119.
System: A collection of
organs.
120.
Temperature: A measure of the
average kinetic energy of the atoms/molecules in an object or system.
121.
Theory: A very well-supported
scientific conclusion.
122.
Tissue: A group of several
different kinds of cells working together to perform a specific function.
123.
Transcription: A process that takes
place in a cell where DNA acts as a template to create mRNA
124.
Translation: A process that takes
place in a cell where three-base codes create amino acids.
125.
Trophic Level: A step in a feeding
relationship.
126.
Valence Electron: Electron available
to be lost, gained, or shared when forming chemical bonds.
127.
Virus: A packet of genetic
information that requires a living cell to reproduce.
128.
Viscosity: A measure of how
quickly or slowly a fluid will flow.
129.
Water Cycle: A summary of how
water moves through an ecosystem.
130.
Wave: A disturbance of a
medium, such as air or water, that transfers energy
from one place to another.
131.
Wavelength: The distance from
any one point on a wave to the matching point on the next wave.
132.
Wheel and Axle: A simple machine
with two attached rotating discs.
133.
Work: The product of force
and the distance over which the force is applied.
134.
Xylem: The internal
transport system in plants that carries the nutrients “up” from the roots.
135.
A: Negative; as in
achromatic
136.
Ad: To or toward; as in
adrenal.
137.
Af: Toward (a euphonic form of Ad); as in afferent.
138.
Amphi: Both or double; as in Amphibia
139.
Archae: Ancient; as in Archaeology, Archaeopteryx
140.
Auto: Self; as in
autonomic.
141.
Bi: Two; as in binary,
bilateral.
142.
Bi (os): Live; as in biology, biometry.
143.
Blast: Generating; as in blastoderm.
144.
Brachai: Arm; as in brachiation,
brachiopoda.
145.
Branch: Gill; as in pleurobranch.
146.
Caecum: Blind sac or pocket; as in caecum.
147.
Cephal: Head; as in cephalic.
148.
Chlor: Green; as in chlorophyll
149.
Chondor: Cartilage; as in Chrondrichthyes
150.
Chrom: Color; as in chromatin, chromomere.
151.
Coel: Hollow; as in coeclom,
Coelenterata, blastocel.
152.
Cyst: Pocket or capsule;
as in statocyst, nematocyst.
153.
Cyt: Cell; as in cytology, erythrocyte.
154.
Dendr: Tree; as in dendrite
155.
Derm: Skin; as in ectoderm
156.
Di: Two or second; as in
dimorphic, dissect
157.
Diplo: Double or folded; as in diploid
158.
Ect: Outer; as in ectoderm
159.
Ef: Away or outward (form of ex); as in efferent
160.
End: Inner; as in
endoderm
161.
Enter: Intestine; as in achenteron
162.
Epi: Above or upon; as in epidermis, epiphyte
163.
Eu: Well or true; as in eugenics
164.
Ex: From out outer; as
in excretion, exoskeleton
165.
Fer: Carry; as in Porifera,
Rotifera
166.
Gaster: Tongue; as in hypoglossal
167.
Haem: Blood; as in haemocoel
168.
Hetero: Different; as in
heterozygous
169.
Holo: Entire; as in holobastic
170.
Homo: Similar; as in
homozygous, homologous
171.
Hyper: Over or beyond; as
in hyperthyroidism
172.
Hypo: Under or less; as in
hypodermic